Sunday, 17 March 2024

What is the origin of a mantra?

 


The spiritual texts gives the following explanation.

 mananāt trāyatē iti mantrah - मननात् त्रायते इति मंत्रः

Mantra is That which protects/releases one from the cycle of birth and re-birth, by repetition/contemplation is called a Mantra.

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A mantra is usually any repeated word or phrase, but it can also refer more specifically to a word repeated  OR  sticking to a SINGLE thought or image in meditation.

Broadly, mantras can be of the following types

  • Meditating upon the image of own’s GURU
  • Dhyana mantras :  Gayatri mantra ( भूर्भुवस्व: |तत्सवितुर्वरेण्यम् |भर्गो देवस्य धीमहि |धियो यो : प्रचोदयात्), Mahamrityunjaya Mantra ( त्र्य॑म्बकं यजामहे सु॒गन्धिं॑ पुष्टि॒वर्ध॑नम् ।उ॒र्वा॒रु॒कमि॑व॒ बन्ध॑नान् मृ॒त्योर्मु॑क्षीय॒ माऽमृता॑॑त्।।) etc
  • One seed mantra
  • nAma japa - rAma(राम)
  • (bIja) mala mantra; Mala mantras are those mantras which have an enormous number of syllables - Om̐ Aim Hreem Kleem Chamundayai Vichche

The spiritual seeker is supposed to get initiated into either Dhyana or mala mantras, from an accomplished Guru.

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 Rig Veda, which is the source for all subsequent spiritual literature and practices in the World, contains the mention of mantra, albeit with a different perspective.

 In the first Rik addressed to bṛhaspati, the rishi kaṇva ghaura says that in the mantra proclaimed by bṛhaspati,  Indra, Varuṇa, Mitra, Aryaman, and the gods have made their home.

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 Rig Veda 1.40.5

 प्र नूनं ब्रह्मणस्पतिर्मन्त्रं वदत्युक्थ्यम् यस्मिन्निन्द्रो वरुणो मित्रो अर्यमा देवा ओकांसि चक्रिरे

pra nūnam brahmaṇas patir mantraṃ vadaty ukthyam | yasminn indro varuṇo mitro aryamā devā okāṃsi cakrire ||

English translation:

Now the Lord of the Sacred Formulation proclaims the mantra worthy to be spoken, in which Indra, Varuṇa, Mitra, Aryaman, and the gods have made their home.

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 Now, a question arises as to how many gods reside in a single mantra.

 The answer lies in the 2nd Rik, given below:

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Rig Veda 7.76.4

  इद्देवानां सधमाद आसन्नृतावानः कवयः पूर्व्यासः गूळ्हं ज्योतिः पितरो अन्वविन्दन्त्सत्यमन्त्रा अजनयन्नुषासम्

ta id devānāṃ sadhamāda āsann ṛtāvānaḥ kavayaḥ pūrvyāsaḥ | gūḻhaṃ jyotiḥ pitaro anv avindan satyamantrā ajanayann uṣāsam ||

English translation:

Those were the feasting companions of the gods: the sage poets of old, provided with truth.

Our fathers found out the hidden light, by the truth in their thoughts they brought to birth the Dawn,”

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The translation has been taken from Shri Aurobindo’s “The Secret of the Veda”.

Rishi Vasiṣṭha composed it.  The rishi was saying that the rishis of earlier period to his time, found the truth and attained SELF REALISATION. 

Please note that the word satyamantrā - the truth in their thoughts.

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According to my understanding, the Rig Vedic rishis used the word mantra with the meaning of thoughts, ie., almost similar connotation of present-day usage of mananāt.

However, the continuous thought ie., repetition of any sacred syllable or bIja, etc is not mentioned.  Only thoughts of TRUTH are involved.

It indicates that primary or sole mantra that the Rig Vedic rishis depended upon is ADHERENCE TO TRUTH, with trikarNasuddhi, ie., purity in thoughts, words and action. 

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ADHERENCE TO TRUTH, with trikarNasuddhi, ie., purity in thoughts, words and action, needs an explanation.

A person interested in developing SPIRITUALLY, needs to adopt a multi-pronged approach.

1) ONE has to start doing any of the methods, ie.,

  • dhAyana,
  • nAma japa,
  • mantra mAla japa, etc,

duly taking initiation from an accomplished Guru, for connecting with the Almghty power.

2) Parallelly, ONE has start cleansing process of ONE’s OWN SELF, as an IMPURE SELF cannot sustain the connection with the Almghty power/NATURE, even if initiated by an accomplished Guru.

This cleansing process involves 2 parts,ie.,

  • Keeping oneself PURE in the present life, by practicising TRUTH, with trikarNasuddhi, ie., purity in thoughts, words and action, so that new impurities shall not be allowed to accumulate.
  • Getting rid of old impurities already got accumulated in the MIND, (a) in the earlier period of the present life, and (b) in the earlier births, by undergoing the results of those thoughts or actions done, now.

3) Our mind is like a MIRROR, which reflects our own image, feelings, expressions, etc. Hence, whatever circumstances that we face in the life, the persons we come in contact with, the dreams that we experience, etc, are the reflections of the thoughts that we allow to be processed in our mind, the words that we utter and the actions that undertake as a result of our thoughts, ie, they will come back to us, haunt us, make us undergo fear/suffering/joy, etc.

4) Though we are aware of the thoughts that crept in our mind, words uttered and actions done by us as a result of our thoughts, we may not remember them for long, though they will be recorded in our mind. 

5) And, there is a meagre chance of we remembering our thoughts, actions in our earlier births, though their result will be carried forwarded, till they are experienced by us either mentally/physically or through dreams.

6) So our mind will keep on accumulating our thoughts, actions, like a MIRROR catching dust, dirt, etc,. The dust, dirt, etc, which get accumulated on a MIRROR, will blunt the shine of the MIRROR and reduces the reflecting capacity of the MIRROR.

7) The dust, dirt, etc, which get accumulated on a MIRROR over a period of time, will stick to the MIRROR very dearly, and cannot be removed with simple dusting. It requires some special shampoos or acids, for cleaning it and restoring the shine of the MIRROR.

8) Similarly, our MIND, which accumulated lot of thoughts and actions either Good or Bad, needs cleansing of the same and making it FREE of EVERYTHING, so that the ENERGY OF THE NATURE can flow into it.

9) Now a question arises, as to how long will it take to cleanse the MIND? 

10) The answer is – it depends upon the quantum of accumulations that our MIND stored over a period of time.  It may vary from person to person.

11) The dhyana or japa and cleasing process of the MIND should be carried out parallelly, till the NATURE responds to our efforts.

12) A word of caution: As the cleaning process progresses, some may develop EXTRAORINARY POWERS.  UNLESS one gets hint from the God/NATURE/GURU, one should avoid thinking/using those powers.

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This actions of performing dhyana or japa and cleasing process of the MIND carried out parallelly and continuously, is what Sage Vasistha mentioned as SATYA MANTRA, in Rig Veda 7.76.4.

gūḻhaṃ jyotiḥ pitaro anv avindan satyamantrā ajanayann uṣāsam - Our fathers found out the hidden light, by the truth in their thoughts they brought to birth the Dawn (SELF REALISATION).


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